Çàäà÷à 1.3

Äâà òåëà ñ ìàññàìè  è  (>) è çàðÿäàìè  è  ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ñîåäèíåíû ëåãêèì ñòåðæíåì äëèíû  è íàõîäÿòñÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè ïîêîÿ. Ñòåðæåíü âûäåðæèâàåò ìàêñèìàëüíóþ ñèëó ðàñòÿæåíèÿ . Ìãíîâåííî âêëþ÷àåòñÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ïîëå íàïðÿæåííîñòüþ , íàïðàâëåííîå ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíî ñòåðæíþ. Îïðåäåëèòü ìàêñèìàëüíóþ íàïðÿæåííîñòü  ïðè êîòîðîé ñòåðæåíü ïðî ïîñëåäóþùåì äâèæåíèè òåë íå ðàçðóøèòñÿ.

 

Ðåøåíèå.

Ïðè âêëþ÷åíèè ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî ïîëÿ íàïðÿæåííîñòè  áóäåò ïðîèñõîäèòü âðàùåíèå ñèñòåìû îòíîñèòåëüíî öåíòðà ìàññ, êîòîðûé îñòàåòñÿ íà ìåñòå.

Ñ – öåíòð ìàññ ñèñòåìû.

                                            (1)

                                         (2)

òàê êàê , òî

                                                                                                                (3)

Ïîäñòàâèì  èç (3) â (2)

                                                                                                           (4)

Ïîñëå ïîâîðîòà ñèñòåìû íà óãîë  çàêîí ñîõðàíåíèÿ ýíåðãèè èìååò âèä:

                                                                                                                (5)

Èçìåíåíèå êèíåòè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè ðàâíî ðàáîòå êèíåòè÷åñêèõ ñèë:

                                                                   (6)

Ïðèðàâíèâàåì (5) è (6):

                                                                                                     (7)

Òàê êàê ñóììà âíåøíèõ ñèë, äåéñòâóþùèõ íà ñèñòåìó ðàâíà 0, òî èìïóëüñ ñèñòåìû ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ:

                                                                                                                    (8)

OY:                                                                                                                    (9)

                                                                                                                             (10)

                                                                                                                             (11)

Ïîäñòàâèâ  èç (11) â (7), ïîëó÷èì:

                                                                                               (12)

                                                                                                   (13)

                                                                                                                 (14)

Ðàññìîòðèì âòîðîé çàêîí Íüþòîíà äëÿ ïåðâîãî øàðà â ïîëîæåíèè 2.

                                                 (15)

OX:                          (16)

Ïîäñòàâëÿåì â (16)  èç (14) è  èç (4). Ïîëó÷èì:

  (17)

                         (18)

                                                                                                   (19)

Ïðè  ñèëà ðàñòÿæåíèÿ ïðèíèìàåò ìàêñèìàëüíîå çíà÷åíèå.

                                                                                                   (20)

Îòâåò: .